第19章 孔明经营蜀汉集团由弱转强的奥秘(1)(1 / 2)
三国的奥秘
曾仕强
1621 字
2022-04-27
孔明如果遇不到刘备,一生躬耕南阳,大志难伸。刘备如果请不动孔明,孤寡浪荡,也将难成大事。两人互补,各施所长,使蜀汉集团快速发展,与曹操、孙权两大集团鼎足而立,果然按照隆中决策的规划三分天下。孔明的贡献很大,刘备的度量也不小。两人缺一不可,被称为最佳拍档,最合适。
1高明的徐庶看不出假书信:诸葛出山前的热场
徐庶精于计策,反而为计策所害。可见旁观者清,要算计别人比较容易;而当局者迷,防止自己上当很不容易。我们也怀疑水镜集团的长期策略,借用刘备的皇亲血统和关羽、张飞、赵云的实力,先推出徐庶,接着由孔明登场,毫不费力地掌握三分天下的蜀汉,岂非高明?
徐母的个性,徐庶当然很清楚,她不可能写这样的书信,让儿子为难。徐母的笔迹,尽管仿得很像,以徐庶的神机妙算,难道还看不出来?他只是按照集团策略,先打动刘备的心,占据着舞台,然后找机会离开,自然地引出孔明来主持更大的场面。水镜自己不出山,才有办法把这些小老弟安排出去。他自己在暗地里操控,某些人才方便在明处表现。这种天衣无缝的配合,刘备当然看不出来。
徐庶将计就计,写了一封信,坦诚告知刘备,在水镜处已经知道刘备的身份,故意唱歌来吸引。现在由于母亲被曹操软禁,非到许昌不可。用母子天性再一次打动刘备的心,实在是知人知心的攻心计策。刘备不敢强留,又万分舍不得。徐庶并不直接举荐孔明,只是哭泣拜别,十分悲伤无奈。纵马拜别,又匆匆返回,在刘备绝望中举荐孔明,是何等的高明!诸葛亮还没有出山,就已经十分热场,有助于水镜集团的步步进展。所以,徐庶的功劳还是不可抹杀。明知是假的,也当成真的。虽然救不了徐母,却也尽了孝心,而且留在曹操身旁,必要时提供讯息,自然是上策。
2徐庶来去匆匆:曲折离奇演变后的定数
徐庶很有才能,否则刘备不会那么赏识他。曹操也不可能想尽办法,要把他骗到许昌。气球所需要的,是良好品质的气体。刘备和曹操所极力争取的,莫非良才。徐庶不表现,他的母亲反而很安全。如今徐庶表现得十分杰出,他的母亲便成为曹操动坏脑筋的对象。天下事有利必有弊,徐庶再有智慧,徐母再有福气,恐怕也难逃这样的劫难。当然,徐庶可以提早将母亲隐藏在安全的地方。但是依徐母的个性,也未必接受。说不定为了让徐庶专心为刘备工作,她也可能提前结束自己的性命,要是这样,岂不成了刘备将她害死?
再说,以徐庶的聪明和孝心,立即判断徐母的家书是假造,他又能怎样?动用军队的力量抢回来,不可能;不加以理会,便是贪图自己的前程,完全置母亲的安危于不顾,这种人在刘备阵营中担任要职,妥当吗?就算他果真如此,刘备也为了公事而不计较这些私事。而以刘备对他的赏识,还会三顾茅庐,去礼聘孔明吗?孔明不下山,仅凭徐庶的才能,有可能三分天下吗?徐庶的贡献,和阻挡孔明下山,两相比较,哪一种比较重要?
由此可见,像这样曲折离奇的演变,实在不是显秩序的规律所能够解释的。只有隐秩序,才能够促使程昱出这种馊主意,而曹操居然也接纳。刘备不忍离别,远送一程,徐庶走了又回来推荐孔明。就隐秩序的立场,经常把好人当好人,把坏人也当做好人来使唤,实在比显秩序更为灵活。
3孔明决定下山:寻找到最佳拍档
刘备力邀孔明鼎力相助,其一再推辞,刘备又献上金帛礼物,表示精神和物质方面都将尽力让孔明满意。这是主人最大的诚意,孔明只好接受。天色已晚,商请刘备等人在卧龙岗住一宿。第二天诸葛均回来,孔明交代:刘皇叔的好意,不容许不出山。家人要继续农务,在家留守。因为功成之日,便要回来归隐,预留个去处才好。
这些话主要是说给刘备听的,意思是三顾茅庐的知遇之恩孔明一定会用心报答。这一次出山,必然尽心尽力。有幺弟在家主持,不致有后顾之忧。同时表明心迹,只同苦不同甘。将来功成,不会留恋世俗的荣华,也不致率亲引戚,把家人亲友都带去凑热闹。孔明这种光明磊落的心态,实在令人钦敬,更值得我们学习。不像一般人,趁机把家人引见,想获得一官半职;或者功成名就,便忘掉自己的根本,不把乡里故人当做一回事。
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