第19章 孔明经营蜀汉集团由弱转强的奥秘(1)(2 / 2)
三国的奥秘
曾仕强
1621 字
2022-04-27
孔明的一举一动,都合情合理,一点也不矫揉造作、装腔作势;刘备的一言一行,也都出乎至诚,有情有义。这两位搭档,能够长久合作,互相信任,实在非常难能可贵,绝不是一般的君臣、同志所能比拟。孔明如果遇不到刘备,一生躬耕南阳,大志难伸;刘备如果请不动孔明,孤寡浪荡,也将难成大事。两人互补,各施所长,使蜀汉集团快速发展,与曹操、孙权两大集团鼎足而立,果然按照隆中决策的规划,三分天下。孔明的贡献很大,刘备的度量也不小。两人缺一不可,被称为最佳拍档,最合适。
4孔明下山之始:定位好自己的对手
孔明好不容易下山,大家都在期待,他会有什么样的表现。刘备待他像老师一般,他也真的像军师一样,预测曹操有南侵的意图,派人到江东打听情况。他必须设法引起孙权和曹操的注意,获得挥洒的空间,才有表现的机会。
一个人最怕的,是人家不把他当做对手,大家不把他当一回事,表示根本不是举足轻重的人物。有了对手,还要看属于哪一种等级。等级愈高,自己的分量就愈重。当时的重量级人物,便是孙权和曹操。孔明的目标,当然要锁定这两位。他知道必须把刘备的地位提高,和曹操、孙权等量齐观,才可能三分天下。孔明的首要策略,便是利用曹操和孙权的矛盾来制造自己的机会。联吴抗曹的盘算,在孔明心中已经成形。于是打听虚实,搜集情报,成为第一要务。刘表差人请刘备到荆州商量大事,孔明知道机会来了,自动追随刘备前往,准备取得荆州。对孔明来说,抓住差异性是他的主要任务,任何风吹草动,都十分警觉,绝不轻易放过。刘表的长公子刘琦向刘备求救,刘备向孔明请教。孔明推说家务事外人不方便表示意见,刘备却暗示刘琦,想办法问孔明。对刘备而言,同样是任何风吹草动,都要找机会让孔明表现。双方面密切配合,很有默契。
徐庶的第一次表现,是曹操派兵攻打荆州提供的良好机会。现在曹操不来,孔明暂时不打仗,给他更充裕的时间,可以好好布置。他的第一次表现,说起来还是打一场漂亮仗,其所作所为,都是为了这一次而准备。
5孔明的首要任务:让团队心服口服
孔明这位空降兵,和当年孙权接棒时一样,同样要面对严厉的考验。只不过孙权面对的是老臣,孔明所面对的,则是桃园三结义的关羽和张飞。这两人看见大哥如此礼待孔明,心中不悦:“孔明年幼,有甚才学?兄长待之太过,又未见他真实效验!”刘备一时兴奋,竟然回答:“吾得孔明,犹鱼之得水也。”两人更加不高兴,听说夏侯惇引兵前来,毫不客气地问刘备:“为什么不叫你的‘水’去应战呢?”孔明十分明了这种情况,请刘备把剑印交付给他,刘备也宣布大家都不能违抗军师之令。
孔明事先把相关地形地物皆仔细侦察,胸中已经有了完整的作战计划,这才发号施令,调度各将分头御敌。众将虽然听令,却心存疑惑。张飞还问孔明,你自己做些什么?孔明大方地回答:“我只坐守此城。”惹得张飞冷笑。而刘备的内心,其实也疑惑不定。
博望坡一战,夏侯惇中计深入狭道,孔明安排火攻。曹军死伤无数,夏侯惇冒烟突火而逃。关羽和张飞,这才口服心服,相互说道:“孔明真英杰也!”新野百姓,更是庆幸刘备获得贤士相助而欢喜万分。
空降部队,并不是依赖老板的全力支持,便能够发挥所长。更重要的是,上任后的前三件事,必须处理得令众人满意。我们称为新官上任三把火,如果烧得不好,说不定烧掉自己的眉毛,惹大家笑话。孔明事先准备周全,一切都在掌控之中。在轻松愉快的气氛中,完成了第一次表演,赢得了大家的掌声和信任,果然不同凡响!
6孔明借箭的意义:冒风险,换取共同利益
周瑜心怀嫉妒,决意杀孔明,以绝后患。他故意问孔明,水路交兵,以哪一种兵器为优先。孔明心中有数,装得一本正经:“以弓箭为先。”周瑜趁机表示,军中急需十万支箭,请先生监制。孔明还是装得很像,拜问何时要用?周瑜说十天之内,孔明居然满口答应。鲁肃是老实人,急得要命。孔明要他救命,鲁肃居然骂他自取其祸,真是可爱!孔明借箭,用现代话来说,根本就是把工作外包,请同业分担,加起来数量便很多。
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